WHAT HAPPENS TO YOUR BODY WHEN YOU HAVE SEX

What Happens to Your Body During and After Sex?

Today, we’ll explore the physiological changes that occur during heterosexual intercourse, or as the Brits might say, “having it off.” Let’s dive into what happens to both men and women.

The Male Experience

At some point during sex, men reach what’s known as ejaculatory inevitability, the point of no return. Pulse rate and blood pressure spike, the sperm is released, and the penis undergoes rhythmic contractions. Following ejaculation, the penis becomes flaccid, and most men experience a recovery period before they can engage in sexual activity again. This “refractory period” varies based on factors like age, fitness, and libido.

Many men feel an overwhelming urge to sleep post-orgasm. Is this rudeness or biology? Science suggests it’s natural. The physical exertion, combined with the release of tension, mimics the effects of strenuous exercise. Additionally, a cocktail of chemicals floods the brain during ejaculation, including serotonin, oxytocin, norepinephrine, vasopressin, and prolactin. These chemicals promote relaxation and sleep, creating a sensation similar to a morphine hit.

Prolactin, in particular, plays a key role in inducing satisfaction and the desire to rest. Lower prolactin levels may allow for quicker recovery and the possibility of going for round two. Along with tiredness, some men may feel the need to urinate due to hormonal effects on the kidneys or the necessity to clear the urethra of bacteria.

Physiological changes are also noticeable. Testicles may temporarily shrink due to contractions of the cremaster muscle, and the penis might feel sore from the activity. Some men even experience toe cramps caused by nerve stimulation during orgasm. Additionally, emotional shifts post-sex can occur due to the release and subsequent drop in dopamine, sometimes leading to feelings of emptiness or sadness.

The Female Experience

For women, sexual experiences vary widely. Studies show that around 50% of women orgasm regularly during intercourse, while 20% rarely do, 20% almost always do, and 5% never experience orgasm. When women climax, the process involves rapid, rhythmic contractions affecting the genitals, pelvis, and uterus, accompanied by a surge of pleasurable brain chemicals.

Some women may experience female ejaculation, releasing a milky liquid or, in some cases, diluted urine from the urethra. Scientists are still investigating the mechanisms behind this phenomenon.

Post-sex, women are less likely to feel the immediate slump men often experience. Instead, they may feel energized or chatty due to the release of oxytocin, often called the "cuddle hormone." Unlike men, women don’t experience a refractory period, meaning they can often resume sexual activity quickly if desired. However, they might encounter uterine cramps or vaginal discomfort due to oxytocin's effects or insufficient lubrication.

Other changes include temporary breast enlargement—by as much as 25% in some women—and heightened nipple sensitivity. During orgasm, the clitoris contracts and may almost disappear, while the body's rush of endorphins can leave women feeling euphoric, confident, or even giddy.

Emotional and Physical Aftermath

Both men and women experience emotional and physical shifts after sex. While women often report increased confidence and attraction to their bodies, men may face emotional lows or even post-coital depression. These feelings are tied to the ebb and flow of hormones, particularly dopamine.

Despite the ups and downs, the benefits of sexual intimacy—connection, pleasure, and physical release—often outweigh the temporary side effects. So, while the post-sex experience varies between individuals, it’s clear that our bodies and brains undergo a fascinating array of changes during and after this universal act.