Simple questions about our world we still can't answer

Intro
hey guys it's my chin it seems like
every day there is news about something
new we might have discovered in space or
a space X rocket that did where it did
not explode where maybe we found another
planet we could live on once we use up
this one and speaking of this planet
sometimes it does feel like that mankind
and Earth are like this old married
couple you kind of feel like you already
know every single thing there is to know
about this person that mystery is gone
there's no romance left and we're
constantly looking for someplace better
to live but a reality there is still
quite a lot of mystery left as we take a
look at some basic things about our
planets we still don't understand number
Undiscovered Caves
one unexplored caves I always talk about
on this channel how over 95% of our
oceans remain unexplored but did you
know that there are literally thousands
of caves that no one well at least no
one we know of has never set foot in
National Geographic estimates the number
of undiscovered caves at 90% of the
planet's total even in well explored
regions like a US only about 50% of
caves have never been discovered number
2 all no minerals we know of around
5,000 minerals on earth which is a
pretty good amount but according to
Roberts M Hazen a mineralogist and
astrobiologists at the Carnegie
Institute for science whose team created
a very complex system to calculate the
number of unknown minerals currently
found on earth they found that there are
over 1500 minerals on this planet we
still don't know anything about that may
seem like a lot but keep in mind that
many of the Earth's know minerals are
pretty rare and are found in only a few
select locations on this planet so think
about that and then think about the
massive amount of land across the globe
that probably still has not been
surveyed so and what makes sense that
there are still a lot of minerals that
we have yet to discover but check this
out he's his model only ink
those minerals that are possibly
accessible if you add up the ones we may
never be able to get to then the number
of unknown minerals may increase
exponentially number three we don't
really know what's beneath the surface
of our planet I talked about this in
Whats Beneath Our Feet
another video I did but when it comes to
what we know about our planet we've
literally only just scratched the
surface think about this it took the
Voyager 1 satellites
26 years to exit our solar system and it
took about the same amount of time for
us to dig just 7.5 miles below the
earth's surface
and if you didn't know that's the Kola
super-deep borehole in Russia which is
only 12 point 3 kilometers were like I
said it's 7.5 miles deep and if you're
wondering that's only 3990 2.5 miles
short of the Earth's core although
researchers think they have a pretty
good idea what's beneath our feet based
on our analysis of things like gravity
fossils and earthquakes those are just
theories and I'll tell we can actually
reach the center of the earth we can't
be completely sure for example this is
what we typically think of when we think
of what's inside the earth you've got
the crust mantle outer core inner core
but a discovery in 2014 suggested that
there is an ocean inside the earth and
that ocean might have as much water as
undiscovered civilizations
all the world's oceans combined and
since typically where there's water
there's life maybe there's even strange
creatures in those waters who knows
number four undiscovered
civilizations when you think of ancient
civilizations you may think of the
Mayans were Egyptians because well we
have found a lot of evidence of their
existence but researchers believe there
are still hundreds or even thousands of
civilizations out there either covered
up by the dense vegetation deserts war
water
we had no clue ever existed that's why
every year you'll hear news of
archaeologists digging up a new city so
it could mean that legendary cities
where civilizations like Atlantis or a
dorado could actually exist and we just
haven't found it yet to find these
ancients roars researchers employ the
use of CT scans satellite imagery or
Google
ground-penetrating radar and most
recently even robotic drums number five
all known species we know this planet is
all known species
massive and it contains an astonishing
amount of creatures many we have never
seen more have documented before just to
give you guys some perspective according
to her book wildlife of a garden a
30-year study biologist Jennifer Owen
talked about how she began to document
the different types of wildlife that she
happened to find in her standard family
garden in suburban Leicester England
after 40 years she had documented over
8,000 species 20 of which have never
been seen before in England and of those
24 were completely new to science all
this from just in ordinary backyard now
can you imagine what we could find if we
just expended a search a little even
after 250 years of official
documentation over 15,000 new species of
planes and animals are discovered each
year according to the Guardian
researchers estimated that there are
five to ten million species of wildlife
in the world and we have only identified
around 1.2 to 1.3 million so basically
if it could be up to 90% of how to life
left in the world that are completely
unknown to us number 6 how gravity works
how gravity works
when we think of gravity what comes to
mind Newton with an apple what goes up
must come down Sandra Bullock scientists
tell us that gravity is the reason that
when you jump up you don't just go
floating into space and the gravity is
what keeps the earth and orbits around
the Sun but then they really can't tell
us what gravity really is because well
nobody really knows there are even
mainstream researchers who say that
gravity is just an illusion and it
really doesn't exist at all now here's
why gravity is so perplexing there are
four conventionally accepted fundamental
forces of nature electromagnetic strong
nuclear forces weak nuclear forces and
while gravity but gravity is supposed to
essentially hold the entire universe
together and is the weakest by far of
all the forces like this times weaker
than the third weakest force weak
nuclear this makes gravity hard to
demonstrate in lab experiments
it also doesn't
we fit in to Einstein's theory of
relativity which only explains gravity
on a large scale and get this
researchers don't really know what
gravity is made of because at the
grounded level of atoms and molecules
gravity just stops working number seven
why ice is slippery this might sound
really simple but you'd be surprised I
mean we do know that ice is slippery
because there is a very thin layer of
liquid water on top of it even when ice
is very very cold but here's the thing
how did ice produce that layer of water
for a long time researchers believed
that when we walk or skates on top of
ice the pressure we put on the eyes of
what lower is melting point and then
that would cause the outermost layer to
melt but this was not the case because
it was later discovered that the
pressure we put on the ice was really
not enough to cost us to happen so why
then well we have no idea but here are
some theories one is that friction was
causing the outer layer of the ice to
melt but then that's pretty much
debunked because even when someone is
standing on the ice not walking on it so
you're not causing friction the ice is
still slippery and the other theory is
that well maybe the water on the
outermost layer of ice
it just never freezes number 8 how the
moon was created okay this was a bit out
how the moon was created
of this world but it's still pretty
interesting so I'm gonna include it here
now we love talking about the moon we
love looking at it we love sending
people up there and just have them drive
around we also love to debate whether we
sent somebody up there at all but one
thing we have no clue of is how the moon
was created we do have some theories
though in the 1800s Charles Darwin's son
George suggested that the moon was
created because at some point the earth
responds so fast part of our planet spun
off into space and because Earth's
gravity the moon was created then
there's the theory that the moon was
created somewhere in the universe and
when and passed by earth it was caught
in his gravity and then there's the most
popular theory which says that something
massive collided with earth millions of
years ago and a piece of the planets
broke apart and for
the moon there are some other theories
about how the moon was created which I
briefly read about such as the moon is
actually hollow it was pretty
interesting it has some valid points so
I'll make a video on it and you can
judge for yourself but you know what I
love doing videos like this because I
like the fact that there are still a lot
of things in this world that is still a
mystery and that's awesome to me I like
a little mystery in my life